The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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282 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16483
Destructive Digital Entrepreneurship
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16443
Divergent Thinking and Post-Launch Entrepreneurial Outcomes: Non-Linearities and the Moderating Role of Experience
Marco Caliendo, Daniel Rodriguez
published in: Small Business Economics, 2024, 62, 1523-1553
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16412
The Impacts of COVID-19 on Racial Inequality in Business Earnings
Robert W. Fairlie
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16408
Is Productive Entrepreneurship Getting Scarcer? A Reflection on the Contemporary Relevance of Baumol's Typology
Maria Minniti, Wim Naudé, Erik Stam
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16319
Air Pollution and Entrepreneurship
Liwen Guo, Zhiming Cheng, Massimiliano Tani, Sarah Cook, Jiaqi Zhao, Xi Chen
published in: China Economic Review, 2025, 89, 102327
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16271
Wage Employment, Unemployment and Self-Employment across Countries
Markus Poschke
published in: Journal of Monetary Economics. 2025, 149, 103684
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16259
The Births of New Private-Owned Enterprises in an Environment of State-Owned Enterprises
Zhong Zhao, Liang Zheng
published as 'The effect of the spatial distribution of state-owned enterprises on the location of private-owned enterprise births' in: Journal of Regional Science, 2024, 64 (1), 136-175.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16201
COVID-19 and Entrepreneurship
Alina Sorgner
published in: Zimmermann, K.F. (ed.) Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics. Springer, Cham., 2023.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16145
Prior Work Experience and Entrepreneurship: The Careers of Young Entrepreneurs
Nicolas Gendron-Carrier
forthcoming in: Journal of Labor Economics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16122
Labour Costs and the Decision to Hire the First Employee
Bart Cockx, Sam Desiere
published in: European Economic Review, 2024, 170, 104859
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15946
State-Based Conflict and Entrepreneurship: Empirical Evidence
Wim Naudé, Ernesto Amorós, Tilman Brück
published in: W. Naudé and B. Power, Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship and Conflict, Edward Elgar, 2024, 106–140
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15848
Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Performance of Start-Ups
Marco Caliendo, Alexander S. Kritikos, Daniel Rodriguez, Claudia Stier
published in: Small Business Economics, 2023, 61, 1027–1051
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15793
The Influence of Start-up Motivation on Entrepreneurial Performance
Marco Caliendo, Alexander S. Kritikos, Claudia Stier
published in: Small Business Economics, 2023, 61, 869-889.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15690
Microentrepreneurs' Gender Difference in Labor Demand
Oluwasheyi S. Oladipo, Hyoung Suk Shim
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15608
German Financial State Aid during COVID-19 Pandemic: Higher Impact among Digitalized Self-Employed
Irene Bertschek, Jörn Block, Alexander S. Kritikos, Caroline Stiel
published in: Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 2024, 36 (1–2), 76–97
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15526
COVID-19 and Entrepreneurship Entry and Exit: Opportunity Amidst Adversity
Vladimir Otrachshenko, Olga Popova, Milena Nikolova, Elena Tyurina
published in: Technology in Society, 2022, 71, 102093
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15445
Were Small Businesses More Likely to Permanently Close in the Pandemic?
Robert W. Fairlie, Frank M. Fossen, Reid Johnsen, Gentian Droboniku
revised version published in: Small Business Economics, 2023, 60, 1613-1629
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15344
Hybrid (Solo)Self-Employment and Upskilling: Is Online Platform Work a Path Towards Entrepreneurship?
Konstantinos Pouliakas, Antonio Ranieri
published in: W. Conen and E. Reuter (eds.), Research Handbook on Self-employment and Public Policy, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15260
Pandemic Depression: COVID-19 and the Mental Health of the Self-Employed
Marco Caliendo, Daniel Graeber, Alexander S. Kritikos, Johannes Seebauer
published in: Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2023, 47(3), 788–830
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15204
Improving Entrepreneurs' Digital Skills and Firms' Digital Competencies through Business Apps Training: A Study of Small Firms
Nick Drydakis
published in: Sustainability, 2022, 14 (8), 4417.
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